RNAi(RNA interference)
- siRNA(short interfering RNA)๋ผ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ 12~21 mer์ dsRNA์ ์ํด ์์ด ํน์ด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ์ด ์ต์ ๋๋ ํ์ --> RNA ๊ฐ์ญ
- gene silencing by RNAi
- RNA ๊ฐ์ญ์ ์ด์ฉํด ํน์ ์ ์ ์์ ํ์ฑ์ ์ต์ ํ ์ ์์
- ํ์ mRNA์ ์๋ณด์ ๊ด๊ณ์ ์๋ ์ด์ค๊ฐ๋ฅ RNA ๋ฅผ ์ธํฌ์ ๋์ ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ต์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ
- ๋จ์ : ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์ผ์์ ์ผ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ์ต์ ํ ์ ์์
siRNA(short interfering RNA)
- off-target effect ์ค์ฌ์ design ํด์ผํจ
Off-target effect
- siRNA๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ RNAi์ ๋ถ์์ฉ, ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ์ต์ ๋๋ ํ์
https://www.ibric.org/myboard/read.php?Board=news&id=155785
mRNA
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3๊ฐ์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ
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์ค์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์ฝ๋ฉํ๋ ๋ชธํต ๋ถ๋ถ, ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์ฝ๋ฉํ์ง ์๋ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ถ
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ถ → ๋ฒ์ญ๋์ง ์๋ ๋ถ๋ถ(UTRs: untranslated regions)
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UTRs ์ค์์๋ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ํฉ์ฑ ์์ํ๋ ๋ฐ ๊ด์ฌํ์ง๋ง ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ถ๋ถ(3’ UTR)์ ์ด๋ ํ ์ญํ ๋ ํ์ง ์์
3’ UTR
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mRNA์ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ชธํต๋ง ์ธํฌ์ ์ฃผ์ ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ ์์ ์ธ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์์ฑ๋์ง๋ง, 3’ UTR(๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ) ๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์์ฑ์ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ด ๋ด์ฅ๋์ด ์๋ค๊ณ ๋ฐํ์ง
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์ด ๋ถ๋ถ์ด ์ ์์ ์ธ ์ธํฌ์ ์ํ๋ฅผ ์๋ฐฉํ๋ ์ญํ ํ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฐํ
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์์ธํฌ์ mRNA: ๊ธธ์ด ์งง์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ๋ mRNA 3’UTR์ 95%๊ฐ ์์ค๋์ด ์์
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์งง์์ง 3’ UTR → ์ ์ mRNA์ ๋นํด 2~40๋ฐฐ๋ ๋ง์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์์ฑ → ๊ณผ์ ์์ฑ๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์ ์์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์์ธํฌ๋ก ์ ํ์ํด
siRNA Mismatch tolerance
- siRNA์ target sequence์ ๋ถ์ผ์น ํ์ฉ์ค์ฐจ
With at least three mismatches, there are typically four or five contiguous matches, so that a BLAST search frequently overlooks off-target candidates.
- ์ ์ด๋ 3๊ฐ์ mismatches → 4, 5๊ฐ์ ์ฐ์์ matches → off-target ํ๋ณด๋ค ๊ฐ๊ณผ
The use of siRNA sequences of mismatch tolerance 3 or more would be an effective criterion to avoid off-target activity.
Moreover, siRNA sequences are short, ca. 19 nt, and they should contain at least three mismatches with non-targets. Consequently, there are typically 3–6 contiguous matches between an siRNA sequence and its potential off-targets (Fig. 1).
- siRNA์ mismatch tolerance 3 or ๊ทธ ์ด์์ด off target ํ๋ ํผํ ์ ์์
- siRNA๋ 19nt, ์งง์ + non-target๊ณผ์ mismatch๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ ์ด์ ํฌํจํด์ผํจ
Mismatch tolerance of siRNA had greatly elevated in the 3’ UTR than coding region.
This strongly suggested that the difference in siRNA silencing of mismatched sites located in the coding region or 3′-UTR was not due to different slicer activity, but due to translational repression activity that only occurred in the 3′-UTR, in a way similar to miRNA, which represses translation primarily in the 3′-UTR [19], [30], [36].
- siRNA์ mismatch tolerance๋ mismatch site๊ฐ 3’ UTR์ด๋ฉด ๋ ์ปค์ง(high tolerance)
One common conclusion out of several such investigations indicated that central mismatches between the siRNA guide strand and the mRNA target are more critical than mismatches occurring toward either the 3′ or 5′ end.
In accordance to earlier studies (13), we can confirm that position 5–11 seems to be highly sensitive to nucleotide alterations and most of the constructs with at least one mutation in this area causes reduced knockdown efficiency, which results in remaining luciferase expression levels of more than 50%.
- mRNA์ siRNA๊ฐ ์ค๊ฐ์์ mismatch์ด๋ฉด ๋ critical → low tolerance ๊ฐ์ง
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ ผ๋ฌธ
- Analysis of siRNA specificity on targets with double-nucleotide mismatches
- A systematic analysis of the silencing effects of an active siRNA at all single-nucleotide mismatched target sites
- 3’ UTR seed matches, but not overall identity, are associated with RNAi off-targets
- siRNA Has Greatly Elevated Mismatch Tolerance at 3′-UTR Sites
- siRNA-mediated off-target gene silencing triggered by a 7 nt complementation
- Accelerated off-target search algorithm for siRNA
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