Bioinfomatics

siRNA, RNAi, off-target effect

ํƒฑ์ ค 2021. 2. 3. 20:19

RNAi(RNA interference)

  • siRNA(short interfering RNA)๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 12~21 mer์˜ dsRNA์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„œ์—ด ํŠน์ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ --> RNA ๊ฐ„์„ญ
  • gene silencing by RNAi
  • RNA ๊ฐ„์„ญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํŠน์ • ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
  • ํ‘œ์  mRNA์™€ ์ƒ๋ณด์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ค‘๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ RNA ๋ฅผ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ๋‹จ์ : ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„๋„ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

siRNA(short interfering RNA)

  • off-target effect ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ design ํ•ด์•ผํ•จ

Off-target effect

  • siRNA๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ RNAi์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„๋„ ์–ต์ œ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ

 

https://www.ibric.org/myboard/read.php?Board=news&id=155785

 

mRNA

  • 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

  • ์‹ค์ œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชธํ†ต ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„

  • ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ → ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„(UTRs: untranslated regions)

  • UTRs ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ถ€๋ถ„(3’ UTR)์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ

3’ UTR

  • mRNA์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ชธํ†ต๋งŒ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, 3’ UTR(๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ) ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์ง

  • ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์•”ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ•  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œ

  •  ์•”์„ธํฌ์˜ mRNA: ๊ธธ์ด ์งง์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” mRNA 3’UTR์˜ 95%๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‹ค๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ

  • ์งง์•„์ง„ 3’ UTR → ์ •์ƒ mRNA์— ๋น„ํ•ด 2~40๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ → ๊ณผ์ž‰ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์•”์„ธํฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ด


siRNA Mismatch tolerance

  •  siRNA์™€ target sequence์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์˜ค์ฐจ

With at least three mismatches, there are typically four or five contiguous matches, so that a BLAST search frequently overlooks off-target candidates.

 

  • ์ ์–ด๋„ 3๊ฐœ์˜ mismatches → 4, 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์  matches → off-target ํ›„๋ณด๋“ค ๊ฐ„๊ณผ

 

The use of siRNA sequences of mismatch tolerance 3 or more would be an effective criterion to avoid off-target activity. 

 

Moreover, siRNA sequences are short, ca. 19 nt, and they should contain at least three mismatches with non-targets. Consequently, there are typically 3–6 contiguous matches between an siRNA sequence and its potential off-targets (Fig. 1).

 

  • siRNA์˜ mismatch tolerance 3 or ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ด off target  ํ™œ๋™ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
  • siRNA๋Š” 19nt, ์งง์Œ + non-target๊ณผ์˜ mismatch๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผํ•จ

 

Mismatch tolerance of siRNA had greatly elevated in the 3’ UTR than coding region. 

 

This strongly suggested that the difference in siRNA silencing of mismatched sites located in the coding region or 3′-UTR was not due to different slicer activity, but due to translational repression activity that only occurred in the 3′-UTR, in a way similar to miRNA, which represses translation primarily in the 3′-UTR [19], [30], [36]. 

 

  • siRNA์˜ mismatch tolerance๋Š” mismatch site๊ฐ€ 3’ UTR์ด๋ฉด ๋” ์ปค์ง(high tolerance)

 

One common conclusion out of several such investigations indicated that central mismatches between the siRNA guide strand and the mRNA target are more critical than mismatches occurring toward either the 3′ or 5′ end. 

 

In accordance to earlier studies (13), we can confirm that position 5–11 seems to be highly sensitive to nucleotide alterations and most of the constructs with at least one mutation in this area causes reduced knockdown efficiency, which results in remaining luciferase expression levels of more than 50%. 

 

  • mRNA์™€ siRNA๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—์„œ mismatch์ด๋ฉด ๋” critical → low tolerance ๊ฐ€์ง

์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ

  1. Analysis of siRNA specificity on targets with double-nucleotide mismatches
  2. A systematic analysis of the silencing effects of an active siRNA at all single-nucleotide mismatched target sites
  3. 3’ UTR seed matches, but not overall identity, are associated with RNAi off-targets
  4. siRNA Has Greatly Elevated Mismatch Tolerance at 3′-UTR Sites
  5. siRNA-mediated off-target gene silencing triggered by a 7 nt complementation
  6. Accelerated off-target search algorithm for siRNA

 

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